3.Control Flow: Making Decisions

Making Decisions with If Statements

Control flow allows your program to make decisions and execute different code based on conditions.

Basic If Statement

An if statement checks if a condition is true and executes code accordingly:

age = 18

if age >= 18:
    print("You are an adult")
else:
    print("You are a minor")

Comparison Operators

You can compare values using these operators:

• == Equal to
• != Not equal to
• > Greater than
• < Less than
• >= Greater than or equal to
• <= Less than or equal to

Multiple Conditions

You can combine conditions using and and or:

age = 20
has_license = True

if age >= 18 and has_license:
    print("You can drive!")
else:
    print("You cannot drive.")

Loops: Repeating Actions

Loops allow you to repeat code multiple times:

For Loops

Use for loops when you know how many times to repeat:

# Count from 1 to 5
for i in range(1, 6):
    print(i)

# Loop through a list
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]
for fruit in fruits:
    print(fruit)

While Loops

Use while loops when you want to repeat until a condition is met:

count = 0
while count < 5:
    print(count)
    count += 1

Nested Control Flow

You can combine if statements and loops:

for i in range(1, 11):
    if i % 2 == 0:
        print(f"{i} is even")
    else:
        print(f"{i} is odd")